`zfs replace` keeps giving write errors with new drives & different SATA cables
UPDATE Maybe it’s a firmware bug that the Seagate Exos X20 ST18000NM003D 18TB drive cannot use 512B sectors on ThinkStation S30 / Ubuntu 22.04 5.15.0-88-generic. I ended up destroying the pool and recreating it using 4K sectors and the errors have not returned.
I replaced a failing hard drive (increasing error counts in SMART, read/write/checksum errors in zpool status) in a ZFS raidz1 pool with a new one by running zfs offline and zfs replace. Resilvering started shortly, but keeps giving me write errors (please see below). When these resilvering processes eventually finished, the pool would remain in DEGRADED stated. If I zpool clear the errors or reboot, another resilvering process would start automatically, but giving a potentially different number of write errors.
SMART shows no error for this new drive. I also tried a different new drive (bought two replacements) and swapping SATA cables. It’s always this replacement drive giving the write errors during resilvering. This made me suspect that the ZFS pool is somehow compromised, but it continues to run and is able to zfs send every night.
What’s the right way to troubleshoot and resolve this issue (e.g., like zfs scrub a DEGRADED pool with just three of the four drives, since zfs replace cannot complete without errors)? I do have backups made by zfs send/receive which are hopefully good copies (does ZFS checksum received streams?).
pool: space state: DEGRADED status: One or more devices is currently being resilvered. The pool will continue to function, possibly in a degraded state. action: Wait for the resilver to complete. scan: resilver in progress since Fri Nov 3 09:56:59 2023 2.92T scanned at 594M/s, 2.63T issued at 536M/s, 5.90T total 669G resilvered, 44.59% done, 01:46:40 to go config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM space DEGRADED 0 0 0 raidz1-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0 ata-ST3000DM001-1CH166_ZZZZ1111 ONLINE 0 0 0 block size: 512B configured, 4096B native ata-ST3000DM001-1CH166_ZZZZ2222 ONLINE 0 0 0 block size: 512B configured, 4096B native replacing-2 UNAVAIL 0 0 0 insufficient replicas 13284017409215481231 OFFLINE 0 0 0 was /dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST3000DM001-1CH166_Z1F12QMZ-part1 ata-ST18000NM003D-3DL103_YYYY1111 FAULTED 0 4.38K 0 too many errors (resilvering) ata-ST3000DM001-1CH166_ZZZZ4444 ONLINE 0 0 0 block size: 512B configured, 4096B native
EDIT: I’m seeing these errors in dmesg:
[19561.708059] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb] tag#226 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=31s [19561.708063] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb] tag#226 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] [19561.708067] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb] tag#226 Add. Sense: Unaligned write command [19561.708070] sd 2:0:1:0: [sdb] tag#226 CDB: Write(16) 8a 00 00 00 00 00 68 f4 ff 40 00 00 00 53 00 00 [19561.708073] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1760886592 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x700 phys_seg 83 prio class 0
EDIT: No errors from smartctl:
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-88-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: ST18000NM003D-3DL103 Serial Number: YYYY1111 LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0e717e3c1 Firmware Version: SN03 User Capacity: 18,000,207,937,536 bytes [18.0 TB] Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm Form Factor: 3.5 inches Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: ACS-4 (minor revision not indicated) SATA Version is: SATA 3.3, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s) Local Time is: Sat Nov 4 10:04:47 2023 EDT SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity was completed without error. Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: ( 575) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: (1759) minutes. Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x70bd) SCT Status supported. SCT Error Recovery Control supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 083 064 044 Pre-fail Always - 179393245 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 094 094 000 Pre-fail Always - 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 6 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 075 061 045 Pre-fail Always - 33945298 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 71 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 6 18 Unknown_Attribute 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0 187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 098 000 Old_age Always - 30065229831 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 062 047 000 Old_age Always - 38 (Min/Max 36/38) 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 6 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 038 053 000 Old_age Always - 38 (0 23 0 0 0) 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0023 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 0 240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 70 (122 77 0) 241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 6940834183 242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 35234995302 SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 63 - # 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 40 - # 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 - # 4 Short offline Interrupted (host reset) 00% 0 - # 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 - SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1 SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS 1 0 0 Not_testing 2 0 0 Not_testing 3 0 0 Not_testing 4 0 0 Not_testing 5 0 0 Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0): After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
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